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Current Issue [Vol. 12, No. 09] [September 2026]
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| Paper Title | :: | The Conversion of Local Biomass Resources into Briquettes for Alternative Cooking Energy in Iresa Pupa Community, Oyo State |
| Author Name | :: | Arosoye E. O. || Bello B. O. || Ayoola S. A. || Akintola, E. A. || Aremu M. O. || Shuaib, R. O. || Akanji, I. H. || Agbede, A. F. |
| Country | :: | Nigeria |
| Page Number | :: | 01-08 |
The increasing demand for affordable and sustainable cooking fuels has stimulated interest in converting locally available biomass residues into briquettes. This study evaluated the physicochemical and energy characteristics of briquettes produced from sawdust (SD), rice husk (RH), and melon shell (MS) using a three-component simplex-centroid mixture design. Seven formulation points comprising single, binary, and ternary biomass combinations were evaluated at a constant biomass-to-binder ratio of 90:10, with cassava starch as binder. Briquette density ranged from 202.2 to 425.6 kg/m³, with a mean of 286.33 ± 72.87 kg/m³. Moisture content ranged from 9–12%, while volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash contents ranged from 20–62%, 4–55%, and 12–33%, respectively. The SD/MS blend recorded the highest fixed carbon content (55%), whereas pure SD had the lowest ash content (12%). Pure RH exhibited the lowest fixed carbon (4%) and highest ash content (33%). Calorific values varied from 11.71 to 32.17 MJ/kg, with the ternary SD/RH/MS formulation recording the highest value. Boiling time for 100 mL of water ranged from 9.5–10.4 minfor the briquettes, compared with 5.6 minfor charcoal and 4.7 min for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), indicating lower heating-rate performance under the experimental conditions. Quadratic mixture-response models yielded R² values of 0.770, 0.779, 0.562, and 0.998 for fixed carbon, moisture content, volatile matter, and ash content, respectively. The findings indicate that biomass composition influences briquette physicochemical and energy characteristics, while blending can improve selected fuel properties. The mixture design provides a basis for further formulation optimization and independent validation.
Keywords: biomass; briquettes; cassava-starch; composition; mixture; sawdust, sustainable.
Keywords: biomass; briquettes; cassava-starch; composition; mixture; sawdust, sustainable.
[1]. Agunwamba, J., Okafor, F., & Tİza, M. T. (2024). Application of Scheffe’s Simplex Lattice Model in concrete mixture design and performance enhancement. 7.
[2]. Amadi and Ikhazuangbe (2020). Production of Briquettes from Sawdust and Palm Frond. 3(2), 12–21. ISSN: 2636-7114, http://nijesr.iuokada.edu.ng
[3]. Chipangura, W., Masauli, B., Mungwari, C. P., Nyamunda, B. C., Madziwa, T. N., Nyathi, L., Tom, H. T., & Chigondo, M. (2024). Fabrication of briquettes from charcoal fines using tannin formaldehyde resin as a binder. 8(1), 1–9.
[4]. Ezeokolie, E. D., Maduoma, T. U., Akpotabor, E. M., Akanni, O., Garbati, A. A., Odeh, A. A., Chukwu, P. M., Achoronye, F. N., & Esonwune, J. N. (2024). Production and optimization of briquette ( solid fuels from waste biomass using industrial starch as binder. 8(4).
[5]. Hadiyanto et. Al, (2023). Potential of Biomass Waste into Briquette Products in Various Types of Binders as an Alternative to Renewable Energy: A Review. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0125069
[2]. Amadi and Ikhazuangbe (2020). Production of Briquettes from Sawdust and Palm Frond. 3(2), 12–21. ISSN: 2636-7114, http://nijesr.iuokada.edu.ng
[3]. Chipangura, W., Masauli, B., Mungwari, C. P., Nyamunda, B. C., Madziwa, T. N., Nyathi, L., Tom, H. T., & Chigondo, M. (2024). Fabrication of briquettes from charcoal fines using tannin formaldehyde resin as a binder. 8(1), 1–9.
[4]. Ezeokolie, E. D., Maduoma, T. U., Akpotabor, E. M., Akanni, O., Garbati, A. A., Odeh, A. A., Chukwu, P. M., Achoronye, F. N., & Esonwune, J. N. (2024). Production and optimization of briquette ( solid fuels from waste biomass using industrial starch as binder. 8(4).
[5]. Hadiyanto et. Al, (2023). Potential of Biomass Waste into Briquette Products in Various Types of Binders as an Alternative to Renewable Energy: A Review. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0125069
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| Paper Title | :: | Research on the Application of AI Engine in the Design of Multi-Channel Coherent Accumulator using FFT of Digital Phased Array Radar |
| Author Name | :: | Nguyen Xuan Luong || Dang Thi Thanh Thuy || Nguyen Phung Bao |
| Country | :: | Vietnam |
| Page Number | :: | 09-12 |
The application of an AI Engine in designing a multi-channel coherent accumulator using Fast Fourier transform of phased array radar is investigated. The efficiency of signal accumulation in improving the detection of small-footprint targets in advanced phased array radars is analyzed. An overview of the AI Engine is provided. Outline the architectural design of the Versal series of components of Advanced Micro Devices, illustrating its integration with the AI Engine. The capabilities of the AI Engine and graphics processors are compared. A multi-channel signal accumulator utilizing the Fast Fourier transform in digital phased array radars, employing the Vitis Model Composer design tool, is designed. A multi-channel correlation accumulator using the Fast Fourier transform in multi-channel radar signal accumulation is simulated and compiled.
Keywords: AI Engine, Fast Fourier transform, moving target detector, digital phased array radar.
Keywords: AI Engine, Fast Fourier transform, moving target detector, digital phased array radar.
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[2]. C. A. Sessions, R. A. Romero and D. J. Fouts, "A Field-Programmable Gate Array Implementation of a Cognitive Radar Target Recognition System," 2022 IEEE Radar Conference (Radar Conf22), New York City, NY, USA, 2022, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/RadarConf2248738.2022.9764250.
[3]. Phased-Array Radar Design: Application of Radar Fundamentals. Jeffrey, Tom. Published by Scitech Publishing, 2009. ISBN 10: 1891121693/ISBN 13: 9781891121692
[4]. AI Engine: Meeting the Compute Demands of Next-Generation Applications. https://www.xilinx.com/products/technology/ai-engine.html (accessed 1 July 2024).
[5]. R. V. Chakaravarthy, H. Kwon and H. Jiang, "Vision Control Unit in Fully Self Driving Vehicles using Xilinx MPSoC and Opensource Stack,"2021 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC), Tokyo, Japan, 2021, pp. 311-317.
[2]. C. A. Sessions, R. A. Romero and D. J. Fouts, "A Field-Programmable Gate Array Implementation of a Cognitive Radar Target Recognition System," 2022 IEEE Radar Conference (Radar Conf22), New York City, NY, USA, 2022, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/RadarConf2248738.2022.9764250.
[3]. Phased-Array Radar Design: Application of Radar Fundamentals. Jeffrey, Tom. Published by Scitech Publishing, 2009. ISBN 10: 1891121693/ISBN 13: 9781891121692
[4]. AI Engine: Meeting the Compute Demands of Next-Generation Applications. https://www.xilinx.com/products/technology/ai-engine.html (accessed 1 July 2024).
[5]. R. V. Chakaravarthy, H. Kwon and H. Jiang, "Vision Control Unit in Fully Self Driving Vehicles using Xilinx MPSoC and Opensource Stack,"2021 26th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC), Tokyo, Japan, 2021, pp. 311-317.