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Vol. 03, No. 11 [November 2017]


Paper Title :: Accurate Fuel Level Finder for Filling and Tank Left Over Fuel Using Sensors
Author Name :: J. Vinoth Kumar || Smitha Elsa Pet
Country :: India
Page Number :: 01-10
Now a days we use different type of vehicle but most of vehicle running with The help of fuels so we should had a perfect meter for indication the level of fuel Today, in the existing vehicles we face a common problem of fuel meters not showing accurate results. They are unable to show the exact amount of fuel left in the tank, though they are analog fuel meter or a digital one (bar type digital fuel meter). Nowadays all fuel bunks having types of digital displays unit in order to display the value of fuel adding to the vehicle. But we don't know whether they adding accurate value or not. Nowadays lot of information regarding the petrol bunk frauds which leads to corruption. There is difference between the amount of fuel which is displayed in the fuel tank and most of the times that is less than the quantity of filled fuel in the customer tanks. Because the pump owner make the arrangements which leads to the benefit to the owner of the bunk. This case customer only cheated by them without knowing that. Most of the vehicles consist of analog meter so it cannot show the current amount of fuel. So now the time is going to change to digital and user want to understand everything.
[1]. Tatsuo Nakagawa, Akihiko Hyodo, Kenji Kogo, Hideaki Kurata," Contactless Liquid-Level Measurement With Frequency-Modulated Millimeter Wave Through Opaque Container'', IEEE Sensors Journal, VOL. 13, NO. 3, March 2013.
[2]. Dongil Lee, Hyun Pyo Honb, Myung Jin Lee, Chan Won Park, Nam Ki Min "A prototype high sensitivity load cell using single walled carbon nanotube strain gauges," Sensors and Actuators, Elsevier A 180 (2012) 120– 126.
[3]. H. Canbolat, "A novel level measurement technique using three capacitive sensors for liquids," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 3762–3768, Oct. 2009.
[4]. S. Pal and R. Barik, "Design, development and testing of a semi cylindrical capacitive sensor for liquid level measurement," Sensors Trans. J., vol. 116, no. 5, pp. 13–20, 2010.
[5]. S. Chakravarthy, R. Sharma, and R. Kasturi, "Noncontact level sensing technique using computer vision," IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 353–361, Apr. 2002.

Paper Title :: Comparative Study of a Buck Converter Controlled by a PID Regulator in Continuous and Discrete Form
Author Name :: Abdellah El Jounaidi || Daoud Wassad
Country :: Morocco
Page Number :: 11-18
The control of a DC-DC converter is generally done through a PID controller operating in the continuous domain comprising logic and analog components. In the presented work, we have controlled a Buck converter in two different ways. The first way consists in using a PID controller operating in the continuous domain. The second way is based on a discrete-time PID controller which is generally realized in the form of a program and implemented on a programmable circuit. The DC-DC converter controlled in PWM mode is a Buck converter made under SIMSCAPE / Simulink. The simulation results obtained under MATLAB for the two types of controllers under different conditions are presented and compared.
Keywords: Buck Converter, PWM Mode, Continuous PID, Discrete PID, Simscape, Simulink/Matlab.
[1]. N. MOHANMOH, M. UNDELAND AND P. ROBBINS , POWER ELECTRONICS: CONVERTERS, APPLICATIONS, AND DESIGN ( NEW YORK : WILEY, 2002).
[2]. M. K. KAZIMIERCZUK, PULSE-WIDTH MODULATED DC-DC POWER CONVERTERS(NEW YORK : WILEY, 2015).
[3]. S. Kasat, Analysis, Design and Modeling of DC-DC Converter Using Simulink, M. Eng thesis, Oklahoma State University, USA, 2004.
[4]. H. Lark, A New Soft-Switching Technique For CCM Synchronous Buck Converter, European Power Electronics and Drive, 21(1), 2011, 15-20.
[5]. S. Zich, Analysis and Design of Continuous Input Current Multiphase Interleaved Buck Converter, M. Eng thesis, California Polytechnic State University, CA, 2009.

Paper Title :: Variable Frequency Drives in Residences
Author Name :: Sherif Attallah || Christopher Davison || Firuz Oev
Country :: USA
Page Number :: 26-29
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are commonly found in modern homes to regulate the temperature and humidity for the individuals who dwell in these homes. As HVAC system typically consume more energy than any other element in buildings, there is an increasing demand on reducing the energy consumed by these systems. The goal of this paper is to explore the Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) and their use in the today's contemporary commercials buildings and to investigate the possibility of more implementation in the residential projects. Therefore, this paper is going to discuss the benefits and gains from installing a VFD into the HVAC systems in homes located in the parts of the globe with excessive cold and hot climate, and as a result another natural aim of the paper is to identify the challenges of integrating VFD's with HVAC systems and possible difficulties with compatibility of one system with another, which might arise from pursuing this goal
[1] Zhou, B., Li, W., Chan, K., Cao, Y., Kuang, Y., Liu, X., & Wang, X. (2016). Smart home energy management systems: Concept, configurations, and scheduling strategies. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 61, 30-40. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.03.047
[2] Ozturk, Y., et.al. (2013). An Intelligent Home Energy Management System to Improve Demand Response. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 4(2), (694-701).
[3] Cho, Y., Liu, M., Wang, G., Wang, J., & Rauscher, T. (2009). VFD application for constant volume air-handling units. ASHRAE Transactions, 115(2), 824.
[4] Richard B. Lubinski (2010) ROI from VFDs: Cutting Costs with Variable Frequency Drives,
http://www.buildings.com/article-details/articleid/9345/title/roi-from-vfds-cutting-costs-with-variable-frequency-drives
[5] CADDET (1999b). Variable Frequency Drives at Steel mill. Centre for the Analysis and Dissemination of Demonstrated Energy Technologies. Project US-1999-539, Sittard, The Netherlands. Available at: www.caddet.org

Paper Title :: GPS Task Reminder for Android Users
Author Name :: Swati Patil || Pradnya Taras || Sayali Kutwal || Shital Jagadale
Country :: India
Page Number :: 30-34
In today's busy world people have to remember many things at the same time. It's not possible for human beings to remember all the things all the time. It's when the alarm system comes into picture. Alarm system can be found in all types of phone, from very basic to advanced smart phones. it is one of the most used applications in the phone .Almost every smart phone has in built alarm application in it. This application uses in built clock system of the phone. User can use this application to get alarms of event. in this paper we are implementing a system which gives reminder which is time based as well as location based. Location based reminders are highly beneficial as it triggers only when the user is present at that location. This system combines the features of time and location based reminders.
Keywords: Android application, Google maps, GPS, Location Based Services, Location Based Reminder.
[1]. Pradnya Battin, Dr. S.D.Markande, "Location Based Reminder Android Application Using Google Maps API", 2016 International Conference on Automatic Control and Dynamic Optimization Techniques (ICACDOT) International Institute of Information Technology (I²IT), Pune
[2]. Chi-Yi Lin, Ming-Tze Hung, and Wei-Hsun Huang,"A Location-based Personal Task Management Application for Indoor and Outdoor Environments", 15th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems, 2012
[3]. Damir Bolic, Dzenana Donko, "Model and Implementation of Mobile Interactive Guide" IX International Symposium on Telecommunications (BIHTEL) October 25-27, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2012
[4]. Chi-Yi Lin, Ming-Tze Hung, and Wei-Hsun Huang, "A Location-based Personal Task Management Application for Indoor and Outdoor Environments ", 2012 15th International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems
[5]. Yiqun Li, Aiyuan Guo, Siying Liu, Yan Gao, Yan-Tao Zheng, "A Location Based Reminder System for Advertisement" ,2010

Paper Title :: Corrosion resistance evaluation of Ni-Al \ YSZ composite coatings by an Electrochemical Investigation
Author Name :: Sanaa Riyadh Al-Khuzaie || L.Thair || I.K.Jassim || Mohammed Hussain K. Ibrahim
Country :: Iraq
Page Number :: 35-42
The composite coating is used to protect carbon steel pipeline from corrosion by Surface modification using thermal spraying technique to enhance the corrosion resistance of carbon steel. In this study the influence of sour hydrocarbon on carbon steel was investigated on samples taken from Alloys with (API 5L) that used for oil transport pipe lines in North Oil Company in Kirkuk fields and specifically from well (No. K-130) which the oil sample was brought as well. The cermets coating(Ni-Al /ZrO2-8Y2O3) were prepared in different mixing ratios of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) with Ni-Al as a self bonding. Several mixing ratios of the binder (Ni-Al) were used to prepare the cermets for thermal spraying coating namely 15% and 50%. In order to study the effect of roughness on the binding of the cermets and hence the corrosion behavior of the carbon steel another specimen was mechanically abraded to a surface finish 800 grit by SiC paper and the cermets mixing ratio (50% YSZ+ 50% Ni-Al) .The thermal spraying gun was located in an angle of 90º in front of the carbon steel specimen and the distance between them was 16 cm. The corrosion behavior of the modified surface in comparison with untreated one was investigated by electrochemical techniques. Two electrochemical techniques (DC and AC techniques) were used. The AC technique was potentiodynamic cyclic polarization using Solatron 1287, USA) potentiostat/galvanostate. The EIS measurements for all coated specimens show enhancement in the impedance parameters (total impedance |Z|, polarization resistance (Rp) and the capacitance (C)) comparing to the uncoated one. The cermets thermally sprayed coating show improvement in the corrosion parameters.
Keywords: Corrosion, Carbon steel, Electrochemical techniques ,Thermal spraying technique, Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Composites.
[1]. David.J.Lockwood, Nano structured coating, Springer Scince,2006 .
[2]. N.Perez,Electrochemistry and corrosion since, Kluwer Academic Publishers Baston,2004.
[3]. D.Talbot and J.Talbor,corrosion since and Technology,USA,2009.
[4]. J.D. Harston and F. Ropital, corrosion I refineries ,2007.
[5]. R.F. Bunshah, Handbook of hard coatings. Deposition technologies, properties and applications, Norwich, N.Y. 2001,

Paper Title :: Determinants of Sustainable Water and Sanitation Projects Implementation in Kilifi County, Kenya
Author Name :: Priscillah Wamucii Githinji || Mr. Johnbosco Kisimbii
Country :: Kenya
Page Number :: 43-57
Sustainable water use and management is a step that must be chore in the life of human beings for survival. As a natural resource, water defines to a very huge extent and shape human beings‟ livelihood. In an ambience of acute water shortage or inadequate water supply, no significant human progression is manifestly expressed insofar as sustainable socio – economic growth is concerned. Therefore, there is a need to study water and sanitation projects suitability due to their importance. The purpose of the study was to examine the determinants of sustainable water and sanitation projects implementation in Kilifi County, Kenya. This study was guided by the following objectives: to examine the extent to which structural facilities influence the implementation of sustainable water and sanitation projects in Kilifi County; to examine the extent to which institutional arrangements influence the implementation of sustainable water and sanitation projects in Kilifi County; to examine the extent to which community participation influences the implementation of sustainable water and sanitation projects in Kilifi County; to examine the extent to which competitive policies and strategies influence the implementation of sustainable water and sanitation projects in Kilifi County; and to examine the extent to which political will influence the implementation of sustainable water and sanitation projects in Kilifi County, Kenya. This study adopted a descriptive research design. Target population was 809 respondents constituting the household Heads, MAWASCO employees and NGOs employees. Sample population was 265 and the stratified sampling was applied so that each respondent from each category. The questionnaire was used for data collection. The research instrument was pilot tested in the neighbouring Mombasa County. In the study, 265 questionnaires were allocated to respondents in various strata. Out of the issued 265 questionnaires, only 123 were well filled and therefore made sense for the study. Male respondents, 90 (73.17%), registered the most as compared to their female counterparts, 33 (26.83%). Results indicated that, majority of the respondents (100 who equated to 81.30%) supported the idea that structural facilities have an influence on the implementation of sustainable water and sanitation projects. Also, majority of the respondents (110 who represented 90%) supported the idea that institutional arrangements influence the implementation of sustainable water and sanitation projects. A majority of the respondents indicated that the community performs a major role in the implementation, provision and success of the pro poor water and sanitation services by doing various activities. Moreover, majority of the respondents supported the idea (64 respondents who represented 52%) that competitive policies influence the implementation of water and sanitation projects in the informal settlements. Finally, majority of the respondents (116 who made 95%) supported the idea that politicians have a very magnificent influence of pro poor water and sanitation projects implementation. The researcher suggested that a similar study can be done in any of the 47 counties in the country.
Keywords: Water and Sanitation Projects, Implementation, Sustainable, Structural Facilities, Institutional Arrangements, Community Participation, Competitive Policies and Strategies, and Political.
[1]. African Centre for Economic Transformation.( 2014). African Transformation Report: Adding Depth to Africa‟s Growth. Accra, ACE
[2]. African Centre for Migration and Society (ACMS). (2016). Developing a profiling methodology for displaced people in urban areas: Case study of Polokwane, South Africa. Johannesburg: Feinstein International Center.
[3]. African Development Fund.(2015). Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Whittington, D.1998.Administering contingent valuation surveys in developing countries. World Development 26(1):21–30.
[4]. Ahkbar, H.M.D., Minnery, J.R., Hore, B.V. & Smith, P. (2017).Community water supply for theurban poor in developing countries: the case of Dhakar, Bangladesh. Habitat International, 31, 24-35.
[5]. Akhmat, P. & Khan, J. (2014).Key interventions to solve the problems of informal abodes of the 3rd world due to poor infrastructure. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 19, 56-60.Amao,


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